Niger’s flag, adopted on 23 November 1959 and retained at independence (3 August 1960), is orange‑white‑green with an orange disc centred in the white band. Orange denotes the Sahara and courage; white purity and honesty; green the Niger River, agriculture, and hope; the disc signifies the sun. Official drawings historically cite a 6:7 ratio though 2:3 variants appear in practice. Protocol governs respectful use across the republic.
Niger’s flag translates desert, river, and civic purpose into a spare tricolour with a single solar disc. Adopted on 23 November 1959 and retained at independence (3 August 1960), it arranges orange, white, and green horizontal bands with an orange circle centred in the white. The palette reads readily: orange for the Saharan north and the courage and labour required there; white for peace and honesty in public life; green for the agricultural south, the Niger River, and hope. The disc is the sun—inescapable in the Sahel and a symbol of energy and endurance. Historic specifications cite an uncommon 6:7 ratio, though 2:3 variants are manufactured; official drawings regulate band equality, disc diameter and centring, and colour references so that the orange disc remains vivid but distinct from the top stripe. Protocol addresses precedence with foreign flags, half‑masting by decree, illumination for continuous display, and dignified retirement. Stable since independence, the design’s quiet balance has made it an instantly legible emblem from embassy mast to classroom map.