Sudan’s flag (20 May 1970) is a horizontal tricolour of red, white, and black with a green hoist triangle, aligning with pan‑Arab colours. It replaced the 1956 blue‑yellow‑green flag of independence. Red symbolises struggle; white peace; black the ‘land of the blacks’ and identity; green Islam and agriculture. Law standardises a 1:2 ratio, triangle geometry, and protocol.
Sudan’s national flag, enacted on 20 May 1970 after the 1969 revolution, aligns the republic with the pan‑Arab palette while asserting a distinct geometry. The horizontal tricolour of red, white, and black carries at the hoist a green triangle. Public explanations typically read red as struggle and sacrifice; white as peace and optimism; black as the country’s historical name and identity; and green as Islam, agriculture, and prosperity. The design replaced the 1956 blue‑yellow‑green banner of independence and has remained the state’s principal emblem through constitutional change. Law standardises a 1:2 ratio, triangle geometry, and colour references; protocol governs order of precedence, half‑masting, illumination when displayed continuously, and dignified retirement. In ministries, schools, and embassies abroad, the red‑white‑black bands with green hoist triangle provide a legible, regionally intelligible symbol that situates Sudan among Arab states while marking its own history on the Nile.