Venezuela’s tricolour of yellow, blue, and red with eight white stars in a central arc descends from Francisco de Miranda’s 1806 banner. The present form dates to 2006, when an eighth star was added for Guayana and the arms were updated. Yellow signifies land and wealth; blue the sea; red courage and blood shed. A 2:3 ratio and statutes govern star geometry, spacing, and protocol; state and war flags bear arms at the hoist while the civil flag omits them.
Venezuela’s national flag traces its lineage to the tricolour raised by Francisco de Miranda in 1806 during the independence movement. Following independence and the period of Gran Colombia, Venezuela retained the horizontal yellow‑blue‑red scheme, periodically adjusting devices and stars to reflect constitutional developments.
The current design fixes eight five‑pointed white stars in a semicircular arc centred on the blue band, adopted by law in 2006 to recognise the historic province of Guayana. Earlier versions displayed seven stars. State and war flags place the national coat of arms at the upper hoist; the civil flag consists solely of the bands and stars.
Symbolism
is widely taught: yellow for land, wealth, and the nation’s resources; blue for the Caribbean Sea and the distance from Spain; red for the blood of patriots and the courage shown in the struggle for independence. The official proportion is 2:3, and construction sheets specify star diameter, arc radius, and spacing to ensure consistent manufacture.
Legal norms regulate precedence with other flags, half‑masting during periods of mourning by decree, nocturnal illumination when flown at night, and dignified retirement of unserviceable flags. The national flag is omnipresent in schools, institutions, and on missions abroad, and features centrally during commemorations on 5 July (Independence Day).
Throughout the republic’s history the tricolour has served as a republican emblem distinct from colonial ensigns while maintaining the broader pan‑regional colour family. The 2006 reform harmonised heraldic details and confirmed the eight‑star constellation, balancing continuity and a renewed reading of historical geography.
In public ritual and civic education, correct handling, salutes, and protocol are emphasised. The flag’s simple geometry and the star arc’s recognisable curve contribute to strong visibility in stadiums, diplomatic venues, and international events.