Timor‑Leste’s flag (20 May 2002) is a red field with a yellow isosceles triangle at the hoist overlaid by a black triangle bearing a white five‑pointed star. Red signifies the struggle for liberation; yellow colonial traces; black past obscurantism; the white star peace and the guiding light of independence. Ratio 1:2; statutes codify triangle geometry, star size/placement, colours, protocol, half‑masting, and retirement.
The flag of the Democratic Republic of Timor‑Leste, raised on 20 May 2002 at the restoration of independence, visualises the country’s anti‑colonial struggle and guiding aspirations through a layered geometric composition on red.
Design
and Geometry The proportion is 1:2. A large yellow isosceles triangle is set at the hoist, its apex reaching to the flag’s centre; a smaller black isosceles triangle sits atop the yellow, reaching partway into the field; within the black triangle is a white five‑pointed star oriented upright. Official drawings fix triangle bases at the hoist, apex distances, and the star’s diameter and offsets. Colour references in Pantone and equivalents are mandated for textile and print.
Symbolism Red represents the struggle for national liberation; yellow recalls traces of colonialism; black symbolises the obscurantism that must be overcome; the white star the light of peace and the hope guiding the nation. The arrangement ensures high contrast and legibility both at ceremonies and on moving vehicles.
Protocol
and Usage Regulations govern respectful handling, precedence with foreign and organisational flags, sunrise‑to‑sunset display unless illuminated, half‑masting during mourning by decree, and dignified retirement. Military colours and presidential standards adapt heraldic elements within shields while maintaining the base geometry. Schools and public agencies are provided construction sheets to prevent incorrect triangle apex positions or star scaling.
Continuity Since 2002 the design has remained unchanged, anchoring Independence Day commemorations and international representation. The flag’s bold triangles and single star have proven effective on television coverage of national events and in international sport, reinforcing a coherent visual identity.